Guide to Debt Collection Text Messages

by Laura Burrows 6 min read April 12, 2023

It’s easy to ignore a phone call—especially from an unknown number—or delete an email without looking past the subject line. Even physical letters get thrown out without being opened. But nearly everyone will quickly open and read a text.

Surveys have repeatedly found text message open rates can range from around 90 to 98 percent. And now, debt collectors that are serious about streamlining operations and connecting with consumers via their preferred channel can integrate text messaging into their process.

Learn more

Using text messages in debt collection

It’s been a couple of years since the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) revised Regulation F, which implements the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). The ruling was effective starting November 2021 and confirmed that debt collectors could use emails, text messages and other digital communication channels.

Businesses in many other industries have been communicating with customers by text for years. At a high level, the changes to Regulation F allow debt collectors to add new outreach methods to their debt collection tools. However, even with the go-ahead to communicate via text, strategy and compliance must be top of mind.

WATCH: Webinar: Keeping pace with collections compliance changes

The move to digital debt collections

Incorporating text messaging could be part of a larger shift toward digitizing operations. Some debt collection agencies are also using artificial intelligence, big data and automation to help verify consumers’ contact information, assist call center agents and follow up with consumers.

As the Experian 2022 Global Insights Report reports, 81 percent of consumers think more highly of brands if they have a positive online experience with that brand that involves multiple digital touchpoints. And over half of consumers trust organizations that use AI.1

Your website or mobile app is an important starting point. And digital tools, such as chatbots that can answer common questions and virtual negotiators offering payment plans, could be part of that experience. Your automated and manual text message outreach could also be increasingly important in the coming years.

The benefits of debt collection text messages

A text message strategy can be part of an omnichannel approach, and it offers debt collectors a few distinct benefits:

  • Get direct access to consumers who will likely see and read your messages.
  • Allow consumers to respond and ask questions via a channel that may be easier or more comfortable for them than a phone call.
  • Start a two-way dialogue and build rapport.
  • Save time by texting multiple consumers simultaneously and automating responses to common questions.

However, collection agencies also need to beware of the potential drawbacks. Consumers might see your texts as a nuisance if you frequently send messages or if you’re messaging people who truly can’t afford a payment right now.

Many consumers are also rightly wary of scammers texting them and asking them to click on a link. You’ll want to carefully think through your messaging strategy. Starting by getting consent to send a text message while you’re on the phone or when the consumer fills out a form online—and then immediately sending a text with an opt-in—can help overcome this potential barrier.

How to leverage debt collection text messages

Sending payment requests via text to consumers who have a high propensity to repay, and including a link to self-service payment portals, could offer a quick and easy win. However, it may be best to think through how you’ll use text messaging to optimize your outreach rather than replace other communication channels.

WATCH: Webinar: Adapting to the new collections landscape

Perhaps you’ve spoken directly with someone and helped them set up a payment plan. You could now use automated texts to remind them of upcoming payment due dates and thank them for their payments. It’s a simple way to test the water without sending debt collection-related messages that may fall under stricter regulatory requirements.

Staying compliant while texting

As part of a highly regulated industry, debt collection agencies must consider compliance. And it’s especially important to consider when trying new technology that directly interacts with consumers.

Laws and rulings may change, and it’s important to consult your counsel before making any decisions or implementing a text message strategy. However, at a high level, the Regulation F requires debt collectors to:

  • Prioritize capturing consent.You must obtain direct consent from a consumer or indirect consent from an original creditor that got the consumer’s consent. The initial communication before sending a text or email must be written. Debt collectors that use specific procedures for obtaining consent may receive safe harbor protections against inadvertent disclosures to third parties.
  • Make opting out easy. You must send consumers a clear and conspicuous opt-out notice and offer them a reasonable and simple method to opt out of text messaging or other electronic communications. Debt collectors must identify when they receive an opt-out request, even if the request doesn’t follow their specific instructions. For example, if a consumer sends “end,” you may need to recognize that as an opt-out even if your opt-out instructions tell them to send “stop.”
  • Continue complying with FDCPA harassment guidelines. There’s no specific federal limit on how often you can text consumers. However, you’ll still need to comply with the FDCPA’s general rules regarding harassment and contacting consumers at convenient times. In general, you may want to send texts between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. local time (for the consumer), unless they request a different time. Limiting how many texts you send can also improve consumers’ experiences and may lead to better long-term results.
  • Reconfirm consent every 60 days. Even if consumers don’t opt out, the implied or expressed consent you received could only be valid for 60 days. To continue texting a consumer, you may need to have them reconfirm their consent or use a complete and accurate database to confirm that their phone number was not reassigned.2

You may also be subject to more stringent state or local laws. For instance, Washington State laws might prohibit debt collectors from sending more than two texts in a day.3 And Washington, D.C. forbids debt collectors from initiating communications with consumers via written or electronic communications (including text messages) during and for at least 60 days following a public health emergency.

READ: A Digital Debt Collection Future: Maximizing Collections and Staying Compliant

Partnering with Experian

Experian offers access to vast data sources, skip tracing tools for collections and advanced analytical capabilities that help debt collectors move into the digital age.

From optimizing outreach with the AI-driven Experian Decisioning to verifying real-time phone ownership using Phone Number ID™ with Contact Monitor™, you can integrate the latest technology while remaining compliant. You can then decide the best ways to use text messages, or other electronic communication methods, to make profitable decisions and maximize recovery rates.

Learn more about Experian’s debt collection solutions.

¹Experian. (April 2022). Experian 2022 Global Insights Report
²Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. (2023). 1006.6 Communications in connection with debt collection.
³Washington State Legislator. (2023). RCW 19.16.250 Prohibited practices

Related Posts

Building for Bots in the AI Age: Separating Legitimate Agents From Fraudsters

See how NeuroID helps businesses distinguish legitimate AI agents from fraud bots, while Agent Trust verifies agent-initiated transactions.

October 29, 2026 by Laura Burrows
2026 Retail Banking Identity and Fraud Report 

Learn how banks can convert rising fraud investment into protection customers recognize, value and feel in our recent report. Read more!

October 28, 2026 by Laura Burrows
One Platform, Fewer Handoffs, Faster Decisions

The average credit union manages between 100-300 vendor relationships, and nearly a third have no dedicated staff managing them. What was supposed to drive efficiency is stunting growth and compromising the member experience. Application volume is continuing to rise, and consumers expect a loan decision at digital speed. But for credit unions, meeting that expectation isn't the only goal. They must also continue to make the right lending decisions while also prioritizing risk management. The institutions pulling ahead aren't the ones with the most tools. They're the ones that have turned credit, fraud and decisioning into a single, coordinated system. A single loan decision touches: Credit data Identity verification Fraud signals Decisioning logic Reporting Rarely does all of that live in one place. More often, it’s stitched together across separate platforms, each with its own contract and its own support line. When a credit view and a fraud view are generated separately, they must be reconciled instead of read together in the same instant. Every handoff is a place where a decision slows down and a signal gets missed. It's why a fraud pattern that would be obvious next to the credit file often surfaces only after the funds are already gone. Fragmentation also makes it harder to optimize lending strategies over time. When data, analytics and decisioning are disconnected, credit unions have less visibility into what's working, what's changing and where strategies need to be adjusted. An integrated decisioning ecosystem closes those seams by design, with credit, fraud and lending strategy running on one platform and accessed through a single Application Programming Interface (API). Identity and compliance capabilities can be an integrated decisioning flow. The data doesn't need to be reconciled after the fact because it was never separated in the first place. Stop overengineering, start removing friction When decisioning underperforms, the instinct is to build something more custom: a proprietary model, tighter segmentation, more configuration.  Custom modeling has its place for institutions with the scale and data to justify it. But often, for small or mid-sized credit unions, the bigger opportunity is a flexible decisioning strategy that uses a strong, continuously refreshed model. This shouldn't be either/or. The right approach gives credit unions a strong decisioning strategy today, with the ability to introduce more customized analytics and modeling as their needs evolve.  The same principle applies to strategy management: credit unions can gain greater control through self-service capabilities as they build a more sophisticated data science team.   That kind of flexibility is important as credit unions modernize their decisioning infrastructure. Research surveying more than 2,000 senior credit risk and fraud decision-makers across 11 countries found that organizations investing in unified platforms and modern infrastructure are moving faster and realizing the greatest Return on Investment (ROI).   As their needs evolve, credit unions can adjust decisioning strategies without introducing another layer of technology or relying on third parties to make every change. Until self-service is the right fit, choose a partner that understands what makes your credit union’s membership and risk appetite different from others.  Same member, same afternoon, faster answer Consider a credit union growing its auto and personal loan originations.  A member applies for an auto loan on Saturday afternoon. Credit data, identity and fraud signals are read together in a single real-time pass instead of separate reviews:  Most applications resolve immediately, approved or declined based on a more comprehensive view of the applicant. A smaller number are flagged for quick step-up verification and cleared within minutes. Only genuinely ambiguous cases reach an underwriter, who is working from one complete picture instead of reconciling multiple signals. The member has an answer before the weekend is over. The credit union books the loan before competitors even open on Monday. Built to scale This kind of process holds up today. However, the better test is whether it holds up eighteen months from now when application volume has grown, new products are live and the data flowing through the system looks nothing like it does right now. Future-proofing isn't only about handling more volume. It's about having room to be nimbler and make adjustments as quickly as the market changes. A credit union that relies on standard models within a decisioning strategy may want more customized analytics and greater control over its strategies tomorrow. Connect with us With more than three decades of credit expertise and one of the industry's largest data footprints, Experian helps credit unions do more than solve this year's friction. We're helping to build a decisioning foundation that scales, so growth becomes something the system absorbs, rather than something it must be rebuilt around. Explore More

October 21, 2026 by Zohreen Ismail

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Enter your name and email for the latest updates.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.

Subscribe to our Newsletter

Don't miss out on the latest industry trends and insights!
Subscribe